Kenya is currently experiencing significant challenges in its energy sector, marked by frequent power outages and an urgent need for transmission infrastructure expansion. The nation’s electricity demand is on a steep upward trajectory, with projections indicating an annual increase of 4.2% between 2026 and 2030. This surging demand, coupled with an aging grid and insufficient transmission capacity, has led to a precarious energy situation, with the national grid recording a reserve margin of only 2.3% in late 2025.
The frequent power cuts, which have become a new normal for millions of Kenyan households and businesses since late 2024, are primarily attributed to production shortfalls and an inability of the existing transmission network to reliably deliver power across the country.
The situation is exacerbated by an over-reliance on hydroelectric power, making the grid vulnerable to climatic variations, and a lack of investment in modernizing and expanding the transmission backbone. To address these critical issues, Kenya is actively pursuing strategies to enhance its energy security and grid stability. A key focus is on transmission expansion, with the Kenya Electricity Transmission Company (KETRACO) spearheading numerous projects aimed at strengthening the national grid.
These initiatives include the construction of new high-voltage transmission lines and substations, often through public-private partnerships (PPPs), to improve power evacuation from generation sources and enhance inter-county power transfer. The integration of renewable energy sources, particularly geothermal power, also necessitates robust transmission infrastructure to ensure its efficient delivery to consumers. Furthermore, efforts are underway to diversify the energy mix and improve operational efficiency.
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The government’s National Energy Compact 2025–2030 outlines plans to further expand electricity access and integrate more sustainable energy solutions. While significant strides have been made in increasing electricity access, the reliability of supply remains a pressing concern that hinges on the successful implementation of these transmission expansion projects and a concerted effort to modernize the entire energy value chain.
Addressing the power shortages in Kenya requires a multi-faceted approach that combines strategic investments in transmission infrastructure, diversification of energy sources, and the adoption of smart grid technologies to enhance resilience and minimize losses. The long-term energy security of Kenya depends on these proactive measures to meet its growing energy needs and foster sustainable economic development.
By Thuita Gatero, Managing Editor, Africa Digest News. He specializes in conversations around data centers, AI, cloud infrastructure, and energy.
